W. J. B. Owen, William Wordsworth: The Convention of Cintra
IN PREPARATION FOR PUBLICATION IN 2009
A bicentennial electronic edition of Wordsworth's impassioned 'pamphlet' on The Convention of Cintra
In 1808 Sir Arthur Wellesley (later the Duke of Wellington) inflicted a major defeat on Napoleon's forces at the battle of Vimiero, but promptly signed an armistice and convention (negotiated by Sir Hew Dalrymple with General Junot). The Convention permitted the evacuation of the latter's defeated army from Portugal to Bayonne - along with its equipment and its plunder.
This disgraceful Convention was regarded by the people of Britain - government ministers excepted - as a betrayal of Britain's allies, Portugal and Spain. Some of the troops repatriated under this agreement fought against Sir John Moore's expeditionary force the following year, forcing his evacuation from northern Spain.
Lord Byron wrote:
"Here Folly dash'd to earth the victor's plume,
And Policy regain'd what arms had lost"
- the Policy being General Junot's, and the Folly General Dalrymple's.
Wordsworth's enormous pamphlet on the betrayal of the Iberian patriots by Britain's officer class is one of the most remarkable political documents produced by a Romantic poet.